In vitro optimization of 2′-OMe-4′-thioribonucleoside–modified anti-microRNA oligonucleotides and its targeting delivery to mouse liver using a liposomal nanoparticle

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Previous studies, which characterized miRNA function, revealed their involvement in fundamental biological processes. Importantly, miRNA expression is deregulated in many human diseases. Specific inhibition of miRNAs using chemically modified anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs) can be a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases in which a specific miRNA is overexpressed. 2'-O-Methyl (2'-OMe)-4'-thioRNA is a hybrid type of chemically modified oligonucleotide, exhibiting high binding affinity to complementary RNAs and high resistance to nuclease degradation. Here, we evaluate 2'-OMe-4'-thioribonucleosides for chemical modification on AMOs. Optimization of the modification pattern using a variety of chemically modified AMOs that are perfectly complementary to mature miR-21 revealed that the uniformly 2'-OMe-4'-thioribonucleoside-modified AMO was most potent. Further investigation showed that phosphorothioate modification contributed to long-term miR-122 inhibition by the 2'-OMe-4'-thioribonucleoside-modified AMO. Moreover, systemically administrated AMOs to mouse using a liposomal delivery system, YSK05-MEND, showed delivery to the liver and efficient inhibition of miR-122 activity at a low dose in vivo.